AMPLIFYING THE LIST

When we were considering literature arising from the hippie experience a while back, one of the surprises came in the reader comments as we recognized the predominance of non-fiction rather than novels. (Who says literature must be exclusively fiction, anyway?)

Still, there are four novelists who recently resurfaced in my memory, and I think they deserve consideration for their efforts from the time:

  • Edward Abbey: The Monkey Wrench Gang, etc.
  • Ernest Callenbach: Ecotopia
  • John Nichols: The Milagro Beanfield War, etc.
  • Tom Robbins: Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, Still Life with Woodpecker, etc.

Noticing that these are all male, and that three focus heavily on the socio-political aspects of the movement, I have a nagging suspicion that we’re overlooking a range of female authors weighing in on their side of the experience. Any more nominations?

VISUALS FROM THE HIPPIE ERA

Nobody, I bet, can think of the hippie era without thinking of wild color. Just try listening to the music without it. Or reading my Hippie Trails novels.

There’s the clothing, of course, as well as those incredible hand-lettered Fillmore concert posters, the Peter Max illustrations, and the record album covers. The old Rolling Stone weekly newspaper, from the years it was based in San Francisco. Maybe some hand-thrown pottery, macrame, or a paisley pattern or big brass belt buckle.

So what comes to your mind’s eye when someone says hippie?

What would you put on the list?

NO MATTER THE PRICE

Inscribed on gravestone of John P. Hale (1806-73) in Dover:

He who lies beneath surrendered office, place, and power rather than bow down and worship slavery …

He was the first United States senator to take a stand against slavery.

Earlier, while serving in the federal House of Representatives, he refused to follow the New Hampshire legislature’s directive to support the admission of Texas as a slaveholding state. In the following election, barred by his party from running under its banner, he ran as an independent; none of the three candidates won a majority and the district went unrepresented.

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DECORATION DAY

As I settled into my bench on a clear Sunday morning, my thoughts kept returning to a disquieting subject. Perhaps it had something to do with the Psalm facing up from the open Bible beside me, beginning with the line, “Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God,” or an acknowledgement of the city cemetery just beyond the trees outside our meetinghouse windows. Perhaps it was a continuation of a thought I’d had the night before, how the event being observed this weekend was originally called Decoration Day, conducted to commemorate the Civil War dead. The act of decorating gravestones seems to me to be superficial or even, in some perverse way, profane – and yet, as the subject kept returning in the stillness, I realized there’s one pilgrimage I would make, to leave a flower on the neglected stone.

I had uncovered much in the previous six months, delving once more into my genealogy research. There was no intention of resuming intense investigation and writing at this point when I responded to a few innocent online queries, which unexpectedly snowballed. The project itself had begun a quarter-century earlier with the surprising discovery that my Hodson ancestors had been Quaker, the faith I had also joined after a circuitous spiritual journey. The historical research later expanded into my grandmother’s Dunker (or German Baptist Brethren/Church of the Brethren) lineage, which also came as a revelation. Here, much of my fascination has been with the dynamics within communities of faith and the ways the members extended their religious practice to all facets of their lives. Crucially, both churches maintained that bearing arms and military service are contrary to the spirit and teaching of Christ, and both churches were based on traditions of lay ministry.

Once identified as a genealogist, however, I soon became the recipient of family miscellany, regardless of value. That is, one becomes the guardian of last resort, or all that stands between antiquity and the dump. Somehow, I’ve become the caretaker of a flag draped over a great-uncle’s casket for military burial, a scrapbook of a great-aunt’s post-World War I newspaper clippings, and many curling photographs of unidentified people and places – things that presently add nothing to the ancestral story. On the other hand, I took up the project just a few years too late to save a great-aunt’s correspondence with my great-great-grandparents, who remained in North Carolina after their sons moved to Indiana and Ohio. Even so, I have also come to possess a few priceless letters and photos and other bits that allow sharp insights into lives that would otherwise be unknown.

In August 1985 I received a package with a note that said, “I am also sending a copy of someone’s journal. It is either from Grandma Hodson’s or Ralph McSherry’s papers. I thought we might be able to figure out the author. Or whatever?” At the time, I transcribed the photocopy of the handwritten memoir, A Journal of My Experience in the Rebellion of 1861-2, and attempted to analyze its curiously bland text. The opening paragraphs went into almost agonizing daily detail of marching across Kentucky, setting up camp, and moving on, often with no sight of the enemy. By the time the unit moves to the Battle of Shiloh, however, the descriptions are brief, even rushed, as if the writer were embarrassed of being ill in the infirmary rather than fighting, even if that illness likely saved his life. And then the text trails off. Since this manuscript would have been from my great-grandmother Alice McSherry Hodson’s line, I tentatively thought it might have been written by her father, who would have then come home to Ohio to marry, but I could find no record of his serving in the Civil War. I identified some other possibilities in her family surnames and had to leave it at that.

Much later, when I reopened my genealogy reports, I decided also to clean up materials my mother had collected on her side of the family in Missouri. With an array of new source material available online, I found myself sifting through Census reports and death certificates and then Civil War records and Census slave schedules – the latter items things I’d never previously encountered, and many of the details troubled me. In the practice of genealogy, you build a personal history that somehow invests you in the unfolding action; sometimes it stands at odds with the general history you were taught in school, or sometimes it allows you to see individuals moving within a larger picture. As I looked at my ancestors in Civil War Missouri, I was surprised to learn that illness killed more soldiers than the fighting did; in my case, John Gilmore died in camp a month after enlisting. I had no clue of the extent of Confederate guerrillas until learning of my Gatewood kin’s clandestine ambushes of Union soldiers. Still, I’ve argued that if one undertakes genealogy, one must be prepared to accept the facts one uncovers.

But that’s not exactly where my thoughts kept returning this morning. Rather, it was to the consequences of one website I had come across while working on my mother’s ancestors’ Civil War service, which now allowed me to consider the possible authors of the memoir I’d transcribed. The movements it detailed matched those of the 1st Ohio Infantry and 2nd Ohio Volunteers, units my great-grandmother’s uncle, John Z. Bahill, served in – back on my father’s side of the family.

The Psalm describes enemies, but that morning I was not led to ponder my own potential enemies. Besides, they would be nothing like the enemies Bahill encountered. His memoirs break off on June 17, 1862, in Alabama before the actions at Battle Creek and then pursuit back to Louisville, Kentucky, the Battle of Perryville, or the march to Nashville before coming to Stones River near Murfreeboro, Tennessee – his second round in that locale. That is, his chronological narrative breaks off before the real action begins.

If you can’t identify the Battle of Stones River, you’re not alone. Neither could I, before Bahill led me to it. The fighting began in the sleet, rain, and fog of New Year’s Eve morning in 1862, and erupted into what would stand as the eighth deadliest battle of the Civil War. It was a crucial victory for the Union forces, coming half a year before Gettysburg and denying the Confederacy the essential agricultural resources of Tennessee. When the three days of fighting were over, there were 24,645 casualties – more than one in every four participants.

You can look at hour-by-hour analyses of the campaign. The opposing strategies, too: the Union plan foiled when the Confederate forces made the first move. Read the reports. As the Union flank collapsed, Bahill’s unit was part of the force that held ground at all cost. No one can imagine being in close fighting where your own death is imminent. Even the description of the deafening cannon fire is beyond comprehension.

This is what I was sitting with, in the quiet of a Sunday morning. Not the noise or the blood but an awareness of the dedication of one’s life to a larger cause.

This was also at crosscurrents with the stream of vocal ministry that morning. One Friend spoke of the importance of having all people agree on a set of basic rights for all humans. Later, another recalled the New Testament scholarship of Albert Schweitzer, which led another to speak of an uncle who gave up university prestige and security to become an inner city pastor instead, where he was murdered in murky circumstances.

I wonder if the Civil War might have been averted by nonviolent movement. The first speaker reminds us that rarely does anyone give up a position of privilege voluntarily. Not unless he sees himself gaining something better. I think of the slaveholders’ great capital wealth combined with the unequal political clout it had given them in the nation’s affairs, and their ruthless efforts to expand it. The witness of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King seem all the more miraculous in contrast. And I wonder what might have happened if Bahill’s unit had crumpled under its relentless assault. And those are the thoughts I kept circling back on in the silence.

Bahill was among the wounded. I have no idea what his wounds were, precisely, or if he underwent amputation. Still, from the title of his memoir, he apparently knew that his war service was over. The officer commanding the 2nd Ohio, Lt. Col. John Kell, had been killed in action, as had the lieutenant leading Bahill’s company.

But I had been wrong in my initial analysis of the text. I now assumed this was something Bahill undertook on his hospital bed, before the infection set in. Something he undertook, in other words, on his deathbed. He died 2½ weeks later, before he could finish his memoirs. He was 26.

From another website, I view a section of the National Cemetery in Murfreesboro, where he is buried, far from his family in Ohio. He was the last male in his Bahill line and unmarried. The memoirs have come down through my great-grandmother, born 2½ years after his death.

Decoration Day, initiated to remember people like Bahill, seems a more fitting name than Memorial Day. One conveys an action, even if it’s more ritualistic than I would embrace. Memorial Day, in contrast, feels cloudy and unfocused. Who can say if his gravestone was ever decorated by his family? A farm boy, without his garland.

Later, recovering in the hospital from surgery, I would wonder if Bahill had the strength or clarity to write on his deathbed. More likely, it seems he drafted what he did before re-enlisting, perhaps even as an exercise convincing himself to do so. We’ll never know for certain.

LEGACY FROM THE ’60S AND ’70S

One of the lingering questions asks, “Just what happened to the hippies in the end? Where did they all go?”

It’s a complex question, of course, which in turn leads to a range of possible answers.

One of them, though, would say that hippies never actually went away, not entirely.

Yes, many donned business suits or the like and were submerged into the broader economy. I’m hoping that as retirement hits, many of them will return to their idealistic and communal roots, especially in the face of the financial realities of living on Social Security, shrinking pensions, and meager investments.

Many others, though, despite their more conventional attire these days, have focused on a particular strand of the hippie legacy.

Among them:

  • Peace and nonviolence witness.
  • Racial and sexual equality.
  • Environmental and “green” concerns.
  • Back-to-the-earth living, including organic farming, natural foods, and vegan.
  • Alternative economics, including sustainability, co-ops, and nonprofits.
  • Music and the arts, often including folk traditions.
  • Healthy exercise, from hiking and camping to bicycling and cross-country skiing to contradancing and yoga.
  • Educational reform, including charter schools and homeschooling.
  • Spirituality, including meditation and chanting or Spirit-infused Christianity.
  • Boho fashion.

You can add to the list. While I touch on many of these as they were unfolding in my Hippie Trails novels, there’s no way I could capture everything, much less discuss the current incarnations.  For example, every time we see a Prius, just think: it’s what the Bug was back then.

I’m curious, though, about which ways you find the hippie experience echoing in your own life. What issues and themes are you continuing? And which ones do you miss? I bet you’re still wearing those blue jeans, too … most likely without the bib.

Me? It starts with being Quaker. And stretches through much of my work as a poet and author. Or even my focus when I was still in the newsroon.

BRAKE FOR MOOSE, TOO

On a May night five years ago, while driving home from the office, I did something I’d never before done: braked to keep from hitting an owl. Actually, I began braking because of a gray flutter in the foliage on the right side of the road – a deer, perhaps, or moose, because of the shoulder-height of the movement and color. Instead, the owl flew out over the road and continued for a hundred feet or more up Route 155 as I followed, before turning to perch in a tree, where I caught a glimpse of its shape.

Several weeks earlier, in the same stretch of roadway, I saw a smaller owl (or so I’d say) dart across the road, above the pavement by a dozen feet.

Earlier that week, I had two glorious commutes via the Mountain Route. The first, clear sky – brilliant green pointillism set off by sunlight and blue. Two days later, drizzle and fog – quite moody, especially with a matching live broadcast performance of Ravel by the Formosa Quartet, one that looked mostly, as it were, into the soft shadows rather than the usual sunlight. (Renoir, more than Monet or Serrat.)

How easily such glories can be lost in the memory. How wonderful, to revisit them.

LITERATURE ACCOMPANYING THE HIPPIE EXPERIENCE

A shelf of books was often part of the hippie scene, and I suppose many of the novelists and poets were technically beatniks, but they shaped our journey as well. I think, especially, of Richard Brautigan, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, Richard Farina, and Gurney Norman, as well as the German Herman Hesse of an earlier era, and Tom Wolfe’s Electric Kool-Aid Test Acid Test. There were also many non-fiction works of influence, including the Whole Earth Catalog, and the Lama Foundation’s Be Here Now.

Which authors and volumes would you add to the shelf if you were trying to give a fuller picture of the experience?

I suspect there are some fine reads that need to be recovered, and blatant self-promotion is also welcome.

This book swap’s open!

REGARDING ELK AND MORE

Monday morning, as I noted at the time:  

I’d thrown the kids off the PC, where they were watching an episode of The Simpsons, only to find out it was actually an assignment for the older one’s upper-level college course, the Sociology of Humor. [No joking.] And then I got around to some poetry submissions, including an acceptance or two.

Glad you like the work I sent. The elk poems arise out of the four years I spent in the desert of Washington state, bordering the “dry side” of the Cascade Range. They’re part of a series, most of which has already appeared in journals. I’m not a hunter, but living as I have most of my adult life in places near forest (even my time in Indiana and Iowa), I’ve had to acknowledge the existence of hunting as a fact of life – and the ways ancient hunting, with its religious/spiritual dimensions (the discipline of meditation, for instance, arises from waiting for the game), contrasts with modern “harvesting.” Even so, some editors have rejected the work out of hand – maybe they thought I’m a NRA member (quite the opposite, in reality – no guns for me).

Among the poems I’ve written are “After the Fact,” which comes out of Native American lore. It turns out that Gary Snyder also has a piece drawing on the same myth – “This Poem Is for Bear” – which acknowledges the aspect of the girl’s disrespecting the bruin before the abduction. I found another piece along this line of my work, “If a Man Goes Mad,” which works along a similar grain.

Finally, as I look back on the period, I reopen a longpoem, my American Olympus, based on a one-week camping trip with a now ex-wife and a former girlfriend who was visiting (who would have guessed they’d actually enjoy each other’s company). As it turns out, I still hear from the ex-girlfriend.

HOMAGE TO THE BEST … AND BACK TO THE SCREENING ROOM

We sometimes express a yearning for the return of the Renaissance Man – the individual who could be conversant on all fronts of intellectual inquiry – but the reality today is that it’s impossible even to stay abreast of the developments in one’s own field, much less other more widely shared interests.

Just ask folks who read if they’ve read your latest hot discovery, and you’ll likely get blank looks. It’s just a fact of life, even for works that are in the basic canon.

It extends to the other arts, too, and we won’t even raise the frontiers of science.

That reality hit home the other night when we sat down (finally!) to view Citizen Kane. I knew from my cinema studies (uh, 44 years ago) that the work was then considered one of the four greatest movies ever made, but somehow it had slipped through my viewing. Yes, I’d seen Birth of a Nation and the Battleship Potemkin and likely the fourth work on that tally, though I can’t remember what it was.

And now? I’m in the camp that considers Kane the most important movie ever made. Period. And, as my viewing companion said afterward, “I was ready to respect the movie, but I didn’t expect that I’d enjoy it as much as I did.” Which was immensely.

If you want to know how Orson Welles and his team changed the face of movie-making so utterly profoundly, go to the Wikipedia entry for the movie and then watch Peter Bogdanovich and Roger Ebert’s running commentaries, which are included on the Netflix DVD. Apart from the advent of color, there’s really nothing they didn’t revolutionize. (If you see something they missed, speak up.)

I’m glad we saw Kane after we’d watched The Grand Budapest Hotel. For all of Wes Anderson ‘s wonderful quirkiness, we could now appreciate the ways he and his team paid homage to Welles and the incredible cinematographer Gregg Toland at the head of that list.

We’re now going to have to watch both movies again.

SPRING MILL

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Streams that could be harnessed for water power were prized in earlier periods of American history, perhaps nowhere more than in New England. Here are views of a mill on the Great Works River (fittingly named by Quakers) in South Berwick, Maine.

The leafing trees will soon obstruct this view of the mill perched on the edge of the falling water.
The leafing trees will soon obstruct this view of the mill perched on the edge of the falling water.
Houses, too, perch at the edge of the drop-off.
Houses, too, perch at the edge of the drop-off.