Upbeat in more ones than one

He plays everything. Even automobile hubcaps. And he’s a fine tenor, as we discovered one spring. Even a devilish composer, shown by his setting of a Longfellow poem we tackled under his direction.

He has a discerning ear, fine sense of humor, and rocks as well as Renaissance. He’s also a clean conductor, with supporting gestures, even when he’s playing ukelele on the podium.

Our Mister Music, or Music Man, as Gene Nichols is known in Washington County, Maine, and beyond. Director of Quoddy Voices.

I’m still not quite sure was his center of gravity is, but his orbit is quite wide.

Acid test essayist: Tom Wolfe (1930-2018)

Not to be confused with the Depression-era novelist Thomas Wolfe, the journalist Tom came to prominence in the final years of the New York Herald Tribune, my favorite newspaper ever.

With its clean, classic design, smart writing and editing, and sometimes playfully tabloid headlines, it was a standout in a very competitive newspaper market but looking for one more edge to assure its survival.

Voila, Wolfe emerged with his hyper, supercharged, Pop art zeitgeist, in-your-face, “Look at this!” writer for the paper’s Sunday magazine (which would continue on its own as New York magazine after the newspaper itself ceased publication). He even moved up to the daily paper itself as a columnist, alongside Jimmy Breslin.

Quite simply, he was fun to read.

Maybe it was a reflection of his Manhattan success or the counterculture themes he picked up on, but Wolfe created a marketable visual image as a dandy in a white, often three-piece, suit, with oversized glasses. He was about getting attention for himself, counter to the usual advice to reporters to make themselves invisible so they could more objectively view the events unfolding before them.

Not so, Tom. Or, in my case, with the college prof who thought I’d be the next Tom Wolfe.

His Electric-Acid Kool-Aid Test, following Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters as avatars of LSD, became a bestselling sensation leading memorably to the Right Stuff about astronauts.

Apart from this writing style, he knew how to sniff out a trend. In contrast, I ultimately went counter-trend.

I do wonder how much he influenced me. Perhaps in Subway Visions.

As for others, Hunter Thompson seems to have most closely built on the legacy.

By the way, the novelist Wolfe was notorious for excess writing, too, though of a masterly sort.

As for the Herald Trib, you can get a taste of it in my post “Establishing my creds” of September 11, 2014.

Acid test poet: Ted Berrigan (1934-1983)

Encountering a trio of his Sonnets in an issue of the Paris Review my senior year of college blew me away. First, by the fact that their iambic pentameter had been cut into lacy fragments but also that the remaining threads were made more powerful and light-filled as a result. Or, “oh, for the loving” (expletive), as he wrote. These were more like the collages of Robert Rauschenberg than the corseted stanzas of Shakespeare.

The fuller set, published in 1964, advanced the impact, especially in seeing how the collection came together as a series of essentially three poems that kept getting reassembled in new ways. Variations on a theme, as it were.

These were unmistakably urban, cigarette smoky, and not so secretly drug-infused.

They inspired my own set of American sonnets, The Braided Double-Cross.

As a reader, they also point me toward John Berryman and John Ashbery.

I love his definition of a poem as a miniature wind-up toy.

Acid test critic and commentator: Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)

Encountering Johnson during my freshman year of college was like mastering a foreign language. His baroque English, with its convoluted sentences and lofty vocabulary backed by an oversized ego, were so foreign to the flat Midwestern voice I’ve inherited or the accompanying weight of humility and piety.

I did wind up publishing an underground broadside series, Dr. Samuel Johnson’s Rambler, in the aftermath, though it had a kind of Wind in the Willows countercurrent. Anyone remember mimeograph?

Later, at the Lilly Library at Indiana University, I actually had in my hands on original copies of The Rambler that Johnson produced twice a week beginning in 1750. Some of the issues before me had coffee stains. Or were they tea? There were also pencil markings in the margins.

His influence probably resulted in the complex compound sentences in my own work that likely limit my readership. Thanks, Literary Lion.

I should have also seen the way he created a role of outrageous author and played it to the hilt, far before the excesses of Romanticism swept European culture. Richard Wagner could have taken lessons from Johnson.

Acid test novelist: Russell Banks (1940-2023)

Another of the novelists to enter my elite circle of influences recently, Banks addressed the working-class lives of northern New England and upstate New York. He included also darkness, despair, and grit that feel real, rather than at a bit of distance. There’s a heft I found missing from some others, like Carolyn Chute’s Beans of Egypt, Maine or Ernest Hebert’s Darby Chronicles of New Hampshire, not that they aren’t informative.

The Sweet Hereafter is my favorite so far in that vein, though I should also mention The Darling, which shifts the action to Liberia and the focus to failed political activism.

With 21 volumes of fiction to his name, my TBR pile gets deeper.

He also has me recalling Richard Russo’s Empire Falls, which I had thought was his.

Acid test poet: Roger Pfingston (1940- )

A high school English and photography teacher, Pfingston also found himself at the center of an off-campus poetry circle that produced the annual review Stoney Lonesome, named for a small town near Bloomington, Indiana.

His own work, often reflecting family and neighbors and the rolling wooded nature of southern Indiana, are wonders of bejeweled focus and clarity on a passing time and place.

The directness is something few others achieve. Maybe Rumi comes closest, in a different way.

Acid test essayist, translator, and poet: Robert Bly (1926-2021)

My poetry efforts bloomed burgeoned in two periods. The first was in the decade after I left the ashram, culminating in my four years in the Pacific Northwest. The second was in my first two decades in New England.

Bly came center stage for me in that second round as I began working increasing in Deep Image directions, without yet having heard the term.

Bly, as it turned out, was a major proponent of the concept. I did find his essays very helpful, especially the idea of riding a dragon or even the dragon smoke, along with the ways we humans think with three brains and his criticism of most English poetry as being miniature sermons.

His own work and much of what he translated is infused with a darkness I hadn’t found in the Beat-based poetry of the San Francisco renaissance, including the Northwest.

The majority of the writers I’ve most admired possessed a strong sense of place, and Bly was no exception. His return to rural Minnesota after Harvard and Norway is a prime example.

While he’s also lauded as a founder of the men’s movement, I had been working in other fronts of the issue and found Iron John rather forced as an argument. Gary Snyder’s earlier Dimensions of a Haida Myth impressed the importance of folktales on me much more.

Reading that his examinations of male identity sprang from the emotional crisis he encountered after being divorced by his first wife, Carol, leads to the questions of how much she shaped his earlier work and quite possibly what followed. Her short stories are memorable. When she died in 2007, she was hailed as Minnesota’s lioness of letters.

A public reading he gave with his close friend Donald Hall in Concord, New Hampshire, remains memorable. Throughout their careers, they mailed new work to each other for critique before showing it elsewhere. Their styles were so different. The reading itself came shortly after the death of Hall’s wife, the poet Jane Kenyon, and was in her honor.

Acid test translator and poet: Robert Alter (1935- )

After reading Jewish authors complain about mistranslated passages from the Hebrew Bible, I welcome Hebrew scholar Alter’s thorough translation with an eye and ear for its innate literary qualities. A fine poet himself, Alter’s sensitive three volumes (including notes and footnotes that illuminate the working of puns and other devices) have become my go-to version in referencing passages and stories. The big and beautifully designed volumes are (1) the Five Books of Moses, (2) the Prophets, and (3) the Writings (Psalms and Proverbs, for instance).

Also of note are his The Art of Biblical Poetry and The Art of Biblical Narrative, examinations that challenge many earlier Biblical scholars’ contentions. I find both books to be excellent presentations of the craft of writing (and reading) both poetry and literary prose even apart from their Biblical subject.

Acid test novelist and poet: Richard Brautigan (1935-1984)

Fairy tales for adults. That’s what I first thought on encountering Brautigan weeks after I graduated from college. More accurately, playful children’s stories for young adults of a hippie leaning.

With his surrealistic or perhaps warped vision taking a simple voice, and his fondness of simile and imagery, his was a unique voice that amused many of us and annoyed many others.

Trout Fishing in America barely touched on fishing of any sort. Confederate General at Big Sur and In Watermelon Sugar were about, well, shyness and innocence as much as anything.

His usually very short poems were mousetraps of longing and loss.

Their freshness still beat 99 percent of the literature that surrounded them.

If only his sweet sadness weren’t soured by the pressures of success.

Reclaiming Passamaquoddy

Living adjacent to the tribe’s Sipayik reservation opens new perspectives in my awareness. It’s not quite osmosis, but perhaps a willingness to listen.

One of the big breakthroughs for the tribe has involved access to 36 wax cylinders from 1890, the first field recordings ever made, when anthropologist Walter Jesse Fewkes came to Maine to test the Edison equipment before he headed off to Navajo and Hopi lands.

For decades, the recordings were kept in museum vaults, unknown to the tribe. And then, slowly, they came into consciousness, first through taped copies full of scratchy static and more recently cleaned up into digitalized files that tribe historians are carefully gleaning.

As a writer, I believe in the power of stories and the importance of language itself.

Here are some of the insights I’m hearing from my neighbors.

  1. Dwayne Tomah’s reaction on hearing the recordings the first time: “I wept. These were my ancestors speaking and singing to me.”
  2. The language has only two genders – animate and inanimate.
  3. Its wider family, Algonquian, features prenouns, a form shared only with Japanese and Korean.
  4. Translations from a tribal side, rather than a nontribal institution, can be revealing. For instance, rather than “Trading Song,” it’s more accurately “Let’s Trade.”
  5. The recordings preserve more than the language itself. There are also the stories, songs, and advices, sometimes with context.
  6. The Tides Institute’s latest map of our region portion of Maine and New Brunswick includes the Passamaquoddy place names. Tribal historian Donald Soctomah has used that to explain hard-to-translate subtleties, such as those describing qualities of water encountered in canoeing in a specific location.
  7. A Passamaquoddy-English dictionary, still growing, is available online. It has a range of expressions for anger that are totally missing in English.
  8. The language is being taught in elementary schools. (For generations, it was banned, even in homes.)
  9. The recordings are helping the tribe’s branch in neighboring Canada in its quest to gain First Nations status. One song, for instance, refers to what’s now the location of Saint Andrews.
  10. Even a few commonly understood words spoken among the tribe are rebuilding identity and pride, even when the rest of us watch on.