Should abuses creep into one part, they are reformed by those that remain sound.

James Madison in Federalist No. 43, citing Montesquieu

MODERATION on one side, and PRUDENCE on the other.

James Madison in Federalist No. 43

A power “to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for a limited time to authors and inventors, the exclusive right, to their respective writings and discoveries.”

James Madison in Federalist No. 43

The number of individuals employed under the Constitution of the United States, will be much smaller, than the number employed under the particular States.

James Madison in Federalist No. 45

… they have reported a plan which … may be carried into effect by nine states only. … The forbearance can only have proceeded from an irresistible conviction of the absurdity of subjecting the fate of 12 States, to the perverseness or corruption of a thirteenth; from the example of inflexible opposition given by a majority of 1-60^th of America, to a measure approved and called for by the voice of twelve States comprising 59-60ths of the people …

(Rhode Island had refused to send delegates to the Federal Convention.)

James Madison in Federalist No. 40

It is of great importance in a republic, not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers; but to guard one part of society against the injustices of the other part. Different interests necessarily exist in different classes of citizens.

James Madison in Federalist No. 51

… the liberties of Rome proved the final victim to her military triumphs … A standing force therefore us a dangerous, at the same time that it may be a necessary provision. One the smallest scale, its has its inconveniences. On an extensive scale, its consequences may be fatal.

James Madison in Federalist No. 41

The first is, that the Convention must have enjoyed in a very singular degree, an exemption from the pestilential influence of party animosities, the diseases most incident to deliberative bodies, and most apt to contaminate their proceedings. The second conclusion is, that all of the deputations composing the Convention, were either satisfactorily accommodated by the final act; or were induced to accede to it, by a deep conviction of sacrificing private opinions and partial interests to the public good, and by a despair of seeing this necessity diminished by delays or by new experiments.

James Madison in Federalist No. 37

… in the federal republic of the United States … the society itself will be broken into so many parts, interests and classes of citizens, that the rights of individuals or of the minority, will be in little danger from interested combinations of the majority.

James Madison in Federalist No. 51

In a free government, the security for civil rights must be the same as for religious rights.

James Madison in Federalist No. 51